This glossary lists the terms used in this grammar. It also gives the equivalents used in other grammars. This grammar uses new and simplified terms. |
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adjective |
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a big house |
words used to add information to nouns
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adverb
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He was walking quickly. |
words used to add information to verbs, adjectives and to add information to sentences
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collocation |
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make a cake; little boy; petrol station |
words which are often used togther: verb+noun; adjective+noun; noun+noun etc
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did verb form |
past simple; second form
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I went shopping yesterday.
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the verb form describing a distant event, state or concept
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distance |
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for example the physical distance between here and there eg five kilometres |
there are different sets of distances in English associated with verb and adverb use
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do verb form |
base form; first form; bare infinitive; infinitive; infinitive without to
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I live here.
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the verb which contains the information about the action, state etc
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do-ing adjective |
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It was very exciting.
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the adjective describing a process which has started but not finished
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do-ing noun |
gerund; verbal noun
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Reading is good for children. |
a noun describing a process or activity
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do-ing verb form
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-ing participle; present participle
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I'm living here.
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the verb form describing a process which has started but not finished
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done adjective |
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He is very excited.
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the adjective describing a done event: he is very excited because something in the past has made him excited
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done verb form |
-ed participle; past participle; third form
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I have lived here for ten years.
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the verb form describing a 'done' (finished/completed) event
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event time |
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I left school in 1983. |
the time something happens - this might be different from utterance time
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main verb |
lexical verb
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I live here. |
the do form of the verb, which contains the information about the action, state etc
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marker verb |
auxillary verb
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be, do and have verbs and may; might; can; could; will; would; shall; should; must |
verbs used to make complex verb forms and to show opinion (certainty, probablity etc)
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modal marker verb |
modal auxillary verb
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may; might; can; could; will; would; shall; should; must |
verbs used to show opinion of events (certainty, obligation, probability etc)
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object |
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She made a cake. |
the example sentence has the pattern: subject +verb+direct object
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preposition |
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at; in; on |
a word which introduces a prepositional phrase
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prepositional phrase |
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at home |
a phrase containing a preposition use to add information to a sentence about time, place etc
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primary marker verb |
primary auxiliary verb
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be, do and have verbs
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verbs which are used to make complex verb forms like: present progressive, present perfect and passive forms and question forms
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primary verb |
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be, do and have verbs |
these three verbs act as main verbs and marker verbs
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subject |
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She made a cake. |
the example sentence has the pattern: subject +verb+direct object
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time |
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utterance |
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something which is said
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utterance time |
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the time when someone says something - always now
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verb |
main verb; lexical verb |
She made a cake.
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a word which contains information about an action, state etc |
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word |
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